Sodium hypochlorite, commonly known as bleach, is a chemical compound with the formula NaOCl. Widely used as a disinfectant or a bleaching agent, it plays a pivotal role in water treatment to purify drinking water and in swimming pools to eliminate pathogens. Its bactericidal properties owe to the oxidation of microbial cells. Despite its effectiveness, sodium hypochlorite must be handled cautiously as it can be corrosive and cause irritation. Its application spans from household cleaning to the medical field for sterilization purposes, highlighting its versatility and importance.